Subject: [PATCH 2/2] posix-timers: Ensure timer ID search-loop limit is valid
From: Thomas Gleixner <[email-masked]>
Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2023 20:48:58 +0200

posix_timer_add() tries to allocate a posix timer ID by starting from the
cached ID which was stored by the last successful allocation.

This is done in a loop searching the ID space for a free slot one by
one. The loop has to terminate when the search wrapped around to the
starting point.

But that's racy vs. establishing the starting point. That is read out
lockless, which leads to the following problem:

CPU0	  	      	     	   CPU1
posix_timer_add()
  start = sig->posix_timer_id;
  lock(hash_lock);
  ...				   posix_timer_add()
  if (++sig->posix_timer_id < 0)
      			             start = sig->posix_timer_id;
     sig->posix_timer_id = 0;

So CPU1 can observe a negative start value, i.e. -1, and the loop break
never happens because the condition can never be true:

  if (sig->posix_timer_id == start)
     break;

While this is unlikely to ever turn into an endless loop as the ID space is
huge (INT_MAX), the racy read of the start value caught the attention of
KCSAN and Dmitry unearthed that incorrectness.

Rewrite it so that the start condition can never observe the negative value
and annotate the read and the write with READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE().

Reported-by: [email-masked]
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <[email-masked]>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <[email-masked]>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/[email-masked]
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <[email-masked]>
---
 include/linux/sched/signal.h |    2 +-
 kernel/time/posix-timers.c   |   30 +++++++++++++++++-------------
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

Index: linux-6.3.0-rt11/include/linux/sched/signal.h
===================================================================
--- linux-6.3.0-rt11.orig/include/linux/sched/signal.h
+++ linux-6.3.0-rt11/include/linux/sched/signal.h
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ struct signal_struct {
 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX_TIMERS
 
 	/* POSIX.1b Interval Timers */
-	int			posix_timer_id;
+	unsigned int		next_posix_timer_id;
 	struct list_head	posix_timers;
 
 	/* ITIMER_REAL timer for the process */
Index: linux-6.3.0-rt11/kernel/time/posix-timers.c
===================================================================
--- linux-6.3.0-rt11.orig/kernel/time/posix-timers.c
+++ linux-6.3.0-rt11/kernel/time/posix-timers.c
@@ -140,25 +140,29 @@ static struct k_itimer *posix_timer_by_i
 static int posix_timer_add(struct k_itimer *timer)
 {
 	struct signal_struct *sig = current->signal;
-	int first_free_id = sig->posix_timer_id;
 	struct hlist_head *head;
-	int ret = -ENOENT;
+	unsigned int start, id;
 
-	do {
+	/* Can be written by a different task concurrently in the loop below */
+	start = READ_ONCE(sig->next_posix_timer_id);
+
+	for (id = ~start; start != id; id++) {
 		spin_lock(&hash_lock);
-		head = &posix_timers_hashtable[hash(sig, sig->posix_timer_id)];
-		if (!__posix_timers_find(head, sig, sig->posix_timer_id)) {
+		id = sig->next_posix_timer_id;
+
+		/* Write the next ID back. Clamp it to the positive space */
+		WRITE_ONCE(sig->next_posix_timer_id, (id + 1) & INT_MAX);
+
+		head = &posix_timers_hashtable[hash(sig, id)];
+		if (!__posix_timers_find(head, sig, id)) {
 			hlist_add_head_rcu(&timer->t_hash, head);
-			ret = sig->posix_timer_id;
+			spin_unlock(&hash_lock);
+			return id;
 		}
-		if (++sig->posix_timer_id < 0)
-			sig->posix_timer_id = 0;
-		if ((sig->posix_timer_id == first_free_id) && (ret == -ENOENT))
-			/* Loop over all possible ids completed */
-			ret = -EAGAIN;
 		spin_unlock(&hash_lock);
-	} while (ret == -ENOENT);
-	return ret;
+	}
+	/* POSIX return code when no timer ID could be allocated */
+	return -EAGAIN;
 }
 
 static inline void unlock_timer(struct k_itimer *timr, unsigned long flags)